Britain’s Office for National Statistics has reported a sharp and alarming rise in the number of people dying from alcohol abuse. Binge drinking has become part of British culture and is now a serious social issue - people are literally drinking themselves to death. The figures are of near epidemic proportions. Alcohol-related fatalities among British adults doubled from 4,144 in 1991 to 8,758 in 2006. The steepest increase was the 132 percent rise in deaths among men in the 35 to 54 age bracket. They are suffering from liver failure and stomach cancers at a younger age than ever before. The figures for women in the same age group also show a dramatic rise of over 100 percent. These disturbing figures seem to be a legacy of people partying and drinking heavily in their twenties and early thirties.

Professor Ian Gilmore, a leading British doctor, said: "Liver disease is often symptomless until it becomes very serious, and so people often have no warning that they are destroying their liver until it is almost too late.” Frank Soodeen from the group Alcohol Concern called for immediate action: "It is vital that the government finally starts investing more in alcohol treatment to help problem drinkers address these issues before the situation becomes irretrievable,” he said. Britain’s public health minister Dawn Primarolo said the government was launching a $20m campaign to raise awareness of the dangers of too much alcohol, and was reviewing alcohol pricing and advertising. However, she warned: "We know we're not going to change people's attitudes to alcohol overnight - it's going to take time.”

VOCABULARY BANK:

Binge
• noun a short period of excessive indulgence; an act of excessive or compulsive consumption.
sharp
• adverb suddenly or abruptly.
social
• adjective relating to society, its organization, or hierarchy.
epidemic
• noun a sudden, widespread occurrence of something undesirable.
fatality
• noun an occurrence of death by accident, in war, or from disease.
steep
• adjective rising or falling rapidly.
bracket
• noun a category of similar people or things:
liver failure
• noun severe failure of the liver to function properly, especially as a cause of death.
warning
• noun a statement or event that indicates a possible or impending danger or problem, cautionary advice.
vital
• adjective absolutely necessary; essential; important.
address
• verb think about and begin to deal with.
launch
• verb begin or introduce.

GUIDE QUESTIONS

• Does alcohol cause any social problems in your country?
• Do you think alcohol is dangerous?
• What part does alcohol play in the culture of your country?
• Why do you think British people binge drink?
• What’s the most you’ve ever drunk in one night?
• Do you think people should stop partying heavily in the twenties?
• Do you worry about the effects on your body of drugs like alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, etc?
• Do you do anything in life that might be / is destroying or harming your body?
• Do you think alcohol abuse in countries like Britain is an irretrievable problem?
• Do you think societies would be better if alcohol was banned?
• What immediate action do you think the government should carry out?

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new study has found that having a child can make a couple less happy with each other. Researchers from the University of Denver conducted an eight-year study of 218 sets of parents. Their report is called “The effect of the transition to parenthood on relationship quality”. It is published in the March 2009 edition of the ‘Journal of Personality and Social Psychology’. The psychologists examined how happy couples were in the eight years after the birth of their first child. They concluded that the first baby put a lot of stress and pressure on a marriage. Ninety percent of couples experienced a decrease in marital bliss immediately following the birth of their first child. Unmarried couples experienced bigger problems.

It’s not all bad news for would-be parents. Some couples in the research said their relationship was stronger after their baby was born. Parents who were married for a long time before starting a family were happier. Couples on higher incomes also seemed to have fewer problems. Researcher Scott Stanley said his team’s findings did not mean children bring unhappiness in life. He said that parents may be happier as part of a family than as a childless couple. He noted that “this type of happiness can be powerful and positive”. Stanley also pointed out that couples who did not have children also became unhappier with each other over time. However, he said parenthood accelerated levels of unhappiness.

Discussion:

1. What are the secrets of a happy marriage?

2. What are the pros/cons of the following situations? Will you or won't you do the following?

a. Say “I love you”

b. Have children
c. Share the housework
d. Let him drive
e. She controls finances
f. Buy lots of presents

3. Rate these things in order of which bring greatest happiness to parents.

___baby’s birth

___baby’s first walk

___child’s first day at school

___child’s first A+ at school

___the first boy/girl friend

___graduation from university

___marriage
___the first grandchild

4. What did you think when you read the headline?
5. What springs to mind when you hear the word ‘marriage’?
6. Were you surprised by the Uni. of Denver’s research findings?
7. Do you think this research would make couples think twice about having children?
8. What’s the best number of children to have?
9. What do you think it is about having children that reduces marital bliss?
10. What is the “transition to parenthood”? Do you think it’s difficult?
11. What stresses and pressures does a first child bring?
12. Why do unmarried couples have more problems after having a child?
13. What is marital bliss? How long does it last?
14. What do would-be parents think about before starting a family?

PHOTO CREDIT: munfitnessblog.com/the-non-v...n-silence

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Genes are probably more to blame for weight gain than an appetite for cream buns, a new study has suggested. Scientists have found that ease of putting on weight in school children is mostly inherited.

A study of more than 5,000 pairs of twins aged eight to 11 showed that genes contributed 77% of the amount by which their body mass and waist circumference varied. Only 23% of the differences between the children were due to home environment.

People born with "fat" genes are not inevitably overweight, but have to work extra hard to stay slim, said study leader Professor Jane Wardle, from University College London.

"In today's environment, which provides unprecedented opportunities for people to over-eat and be sedentary, it is not surprising these tendencies result in weight gain," she added.

Source: PA News

focus on talking

• What is wrong with being fat? What bad consequences of obesity can you list?
• Obese people come up with different explanations for their condition. Which of these explanations do you find credible?
  
  ‣ I’m big-boned.
  ‣ It’s glandular.
  ‣ It’s because of my genes.
  ‣ I’ve quit smoking.
  ‣ It’s caused by the medicine I’m taking.
  
• What ways of losing weight do you know? Which of them do you consider effective?
• Which food products do you believe to be especially fattening? Do you avoid eating and drinking some products because you are afraid of putting on weight?
• Have you ever been on a diet? What is the most popular diet at the moment?
• Is obesity a big problem in your country? Is it worse or better than in other countries?
• What are the reasons for this situation?

PHOTO CREDIT: www.users.drew.edu/rdrakesavethewhales2.html

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